passif

LA VOIX PASSIVE

En anglais comme en français , la voix passive se forme avec le verbe " to be " (= être ) + participe passé

To clean .....................nettoyer To be cleaned .......................être nettoyé

Tableau de concordance ACTIF - PASSIF

ACTIF TEMPS PASSIF

The waiter The coffee

brings the coffee ........................... PRESENT SIMPLE.....................is brought by the waiter .

is bringing the coffee.................... PRESENT PROGRESSIF........... is being brought by the waiter

brought the coffee ........................ PRETERIT SIMPLE.................. was brought by the waiter

was bringing the coffee ................ PRETERIT PROGRESSIF......... was being brought by the waiter

has brought the coffee ................. PRESENT PERFECT................ has been brought by the waiter

had brought the coffee ................. PAST PERFECT ..................... had been brought by the waiter

Règle générale :

Quand vous aurez des phrases actives à mettre à la voix passive , reportez -vous au tableau ci-dessus , en vous rappelant ceci :

- Le complément d'objet actif ................ devient le sujet passif *

- Le sujet actif .......................................... devient le complément d'agent précédé de " by " .

* dans le cas où les sujets ou compléments sont des pr. personnels , le pr. pers. complément devient pr. pers. sujet .

Cas particuliers :

1 - Le double passif .

Pour les verbes qui génerent deux compléments , un complément direct et un complément indirect , il y a deux phrases passives possibles , la première avec le complément d'objet direct pour sujet et la deuxième avec le complément d'objet indirect pour sujet .

Exemple : He gave me this book . ................................... This book was given to me by him .

He gave me this book . ................................. I was given this book by him .

2 - Le passif des verbes prépositionnels ou à particule .

Dans ce cas , les particules restent après le verbe ( malgré la disparition du complément qui devient le sujet de la phrase passive ) .

Exemple : He paid for the drinks .................................................. The drinks were paid for by him .

Sj V p C O Sj V p C Ag

3 - Le passif des modaux .( voir tableau joint )

4 - Les verbes construits avec une proposition infinitive .

Modèle : Sj + Verbe + C.O. + INF ( = to + BV ) ............................................... Actif

Bien que la formation de la voix passive pour les verbes construits selon ce modèle semble plus compliquée elle suit la règle générale : le sujet de la voix active devient complément d'agent de la voix passive et le complément d'objet de la voix active devient le sujet de la voix passive ; le reste ne change pas .

Exemple : They invited us to come round for tea on Sunday . .......................................Actif

We were invited to come round for tea on Sunday by them...........................Passif

5 - Les verbes suivis d'une proposition complétive .

Modèle : They know ( that ) she doesn't like smoking .

She is known not to like smoking .

C'est le sujet de la proposition complétive qui devient sujet de la voix passive construite avec le verbe de la principale et le verbe de le proposition complétive se transforme en infinitif .

6 - Le complément d'agent .

On omet le complément d'agent lorsque celui-ci est évident ou indéfini ou bien lorsque l'on ne veut pas le nommer .

Exemple : He was arrested - The fire was put out - He was tried - He was murdered .

LE PASSIF DES MODAUX

RAPPEL

Liste des modaux :

CAN MAY MUST SHALL WILL OUGHT TO

COULD MIGHT SHOULD WOULD

Liste des équivalents des modaux :

TO HAVE TO* TO BE ABLE TO* TO BE ALLOWED TO*

* TO HAVE TO ( équivalent de MUST 1 ) peut s'ajouter à certains modaux

* TO BE ABLE TO ( équivalent de CAN 1) n'a pas de passif

* TO BE ALLOWED TO ( équivalent de MAY 1 ) est déjà une forme passive

Liste des quasi-modaux :

TO BE TO TO BE GOING TO TO BE BOUND TO TO BE LIKELY TO TO BE SURE TO

.....................................................................

ACTIF PASSIF

MODAL + VB ......................................................... MODAL + BE + PP

MODAL + HAVE + PP ............................................ MODAL + HAVE + BEEN + PP

TOUTES CES FORMES SONT INVARIABLES

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EXERCICE :

Mettez les phrases suivantes à la voix passive . Exemple : 1 - You shouldn't take this away .

This shouldn't be taken away .

1 - One can eat melon at the beginning or at the end of a meal .

2 - One could see smoke coming out of the engine .

3 - People will soon forget it .

4 - They will take the chairs away .

5 - She should start the story now .

6 - Mary will do the job properly .

7 - They should tell you things like this before you start .

8 - The doctor allowed her to go home .
9 - Can we save the rainforest ?

10 - The management will expect the employees to be punctual .

11 - They are likely to drop this case in a few months .

12 - You shouldn't have taken those books away .

13 - You can rely on this man .

14 - When will they tell us the truth ?

15 - You can't use this noun in the plural .

16 - The earthquake must have frightened you .

17 - They will soon decorate the house .

18 - No one could possibly have known the secret .

19 - What could one do in such cases ?

20 - They should solve the problem as soon as possible .

LA VOIX PASSIVE EXERCICES

METTEZ LES PHRASES SUIVANTES AU PASSIF ( FORMES DIVERSES )

* : règle générale # : cas particulier 1 ou 2 ¤ : cas particulier 4 ou 5

* 1 - He beats her everyday .

* 2 - She began the story half an hour ago .

* 3 - They are binding their prisoner to a tree .

* 4 - They have broken the table .

* 5 - They are building a house .

# 6 - They had given him an award .

# 7 - They sent their parents a letter .

# 8 - She teaches the pupils English .

# 9 - She tells her children a story .

# 10 - They put up with his attitude .

# 11 - They took the chairs away .

# 12 - She often keeps the children in .

* 13 - They were putting down what the lecturer said .

* 14 - The drunkard flung the bottle violently .

# 15 - They've thought over the problem .

# 16 - They've read your letter through carefully .

# 17 - He put forward amazing arguments to convince us .

* 18 - People eat a lot of fruit in summer .

¤ 19 - Everybody finds her very pretty .

# 20 - Somebody was looking at them in a very rude manner .

¤ 21 - They say he's a very influential man .

¤ 22 - They expect her to win the race .

# 23 - They sent for me .

* 24 - They gave the first hint several weeks ago .

* 25 - She had baked a pie .

# 26 - I've paid for that .

# 27 - Nobody has ever considered my age .

* 28 - Someone stole my car yesterday .

# 29 - My neighbour has just given me this book .

# 30 - The Polish authorities refused a passport to Cyril .

# 31 - They look after the patients well in this hospital .

* 32 - The women were making tea when we arrived .

¤ 33 - We didn't expect him to answer so quicky .

* 35 - They made no difference between first class and second class passengers .

# 36 - Improved farming methods are preventing thousands of people from dying of hunger .

¤ 37 - The management expected the employees to be punctual .

* 38 - A doctor treated this woman for shock .

* 39 - They elected him President .

* 40 - The doctor drove this patient to hospital .

# 41 - Someone had given the poor devil a foreign coin .

¤ 42 - They told Sam not to buy sweets .

* 43 - Someone leaked the story to the media .

# 44 - Someone showed me the way to the health club .

* 45 - The town council was building a new gymnasium .

¤ 46 - People say that Americans are " keep fit " crazy .

* 47 - Someone has stolen two of my books .

*48 - Someone had obviously offended her .

* 49 - A young boy was steering the car .

* 50 - They have decorated the house .

For the daring and the brave ! *#¤#@!¤ !!

1 - Everybody believed he was after the girl's money .

2 - He says her husband was killed by a blow on the back of the head .

3 - They say his skull was smashed to pieces .

4 - Everyone belives that John has seen the murderer .

5 - People fear that the liner is in danger of being struck by the hurricane .

Name : November 1997

Class :

ENGLISH TEST

1 - One can eat melon at the beginning or at the end of a meal .

2 - One could see smoke coming out of the engine .

3 - People will soon forget it .

4 - They will take the chairs away .

5 - She should start the story now .

6 - Mary will do the job properly .

7 - They should tell you things like this before you start .

8 - One should rely on this man .

9 - Can we save the rainforest ?

10 - The management will expect the employees to be punctual .

Name : November 1997

Class :

ENGLISH TEST

1 - One can eat melon at the beginning or at the end of a meal .

2 - One could see smoke coming out of the engine .

3 - People will soon forget it .

4 - They will take the chairs away .

5 - She should start the story now .

6 - Mary will do the job properly .

7 - They should tell you things like this before you start .

8 - One should rely on this man .

9 - Can we save the rainforest ?

10 - The management will expect the employees to be punctual .

Name : November 1997

Class :

ENGLISH TEST

1 - They will drop this case in a few months .

2 - You shouldn't take those books away .

3 - You can rely on this man .

4 - When will they tell us the truth ?

5 - You can't use this noun in the plural .

6 - The earthquake may frighten you .

7 - They will soon decorate the house .

8 - No one could possibly know the secret .

9 - What could one do in such cases ?

10 - They should solve the problem as soon as possible .

Name : November 1997

Class :

ENGLISH TEST

1 - They will drop this case in a few months .

2 - You shouldn't take those books away .

3 - You can rely on this man .

4 - When will they tell us the truth ?

5 - You can't use this noun in the plural .

6 - The earthquake may frighten you .

7 - They will soon decorate the house .

8 - No one could possibly know the secret .

9 - What could one do in such cases ?

10 - They should solve the problem as soon as possible .

En anglais comme en français , la voix passive se forme avec le verbe " to be " (= être ) + participe passé

To clean .....................nettoyer To be cleaned .......................être nettoyé

Tableau de concordance ACTIF - PASSIF

ACTIF TEMPS PASSIF

The waiter The coffee

brings the coffee ........................... PRESENT SIMPLE..................... is brought by the waiter .

is bringing the coffee.................... PRESENT PROGRESSIF........... is being brought by the waiter

brought the coffee ........................ PRETERIT SIMPLE................... was brought by the waiter

was bringing the coffee ................ PRETERIT PROGRESSIF......... was being brought by the waiter

has brought the coffee ................. PRESENT PERFECT.................. has been brought by the waiter

had brought the coffee ................. PAST PERFECT ........................ had been brought by the waiter

will bring the coffee........................ FUTUR.......................................... will be brought by the waiter