HYPOTHESE ET CONDITION

n HYPOTHESE

L'hypothèse peut être plus ou moins certaine; on emploie le prétérit modal pour une hypothèse incertaine.

Hypothèse "certaine":

If you ask him, he'll do it. Si tu le lui demandes il le fera.

Hypothèse incertaine:

If you asked him, he would do it. Si tu le lui demandais, il le ferait.

asked : prétérit modal exprimant non pas du passé mais du "non présent" à irréel du présent

On peut introduire une hypothèse dont on sait qu'elle ne s'est pas réalisée; on emploie le pluperfect (past perfect) modal.

If you had asked him, he would have done it. Si tu le lui avait demandé, il l'aurait fait.

had asked : pluperfect modal à irréel du passé

· Transformations

a. If you happen to meet him, please let me know.

b. Should you meet him, please let me know.

Lorsque l'hypothèse est envisageable mais improbable, on emploie Should (qui signifie "si vous étiez amené à").

a. If you had worked harder, you would have found the answer.

b. Had you worked harder, you would have found the answer.

On peut placer l'auxiliaire en tête d'énoncé. If est alors effacé.

n CONDITION

He will stay	only if (ne ... que si) on condition that (à la condition que) providing (pourvu que) provided that (pourvu que)	you give him his money back.
He will listen	so long as (tant que)	you remain calm.
He won't stay	unless (à moins que)	you give him his money back.

· Transformations (valeurs très proches)

He will stay only if you give him his money back. Il ne restera que si tu lui rends son argent

à

He won't stay unless you give him his money back. Il ne restera pas à moins que tu ne lui rendes son argent.

A. Transformez les énoncés de façon a exprimer l'hypothèse incertaine et l'hypothèse non réalisée.

ex : if it freezes I'll stay here : if it froze I would stay here ; if it had frozen I would have stayed here

1. If you win I'll give you something.

2. If he feels sure nobody will recognize him, he will go.

3. I will keep helping you if you need it.

4. I won't know what to do if a robber comes in.

5. If she sees a policeman she will tell him about it.

6. She says she will come and visit us later if she can.

7. They will escape if she does not look after them.

8. She will take the flat if there is a large kitchen.

9. Will you play rugby if you have more free time?

10. If you leave earlier you will not miss him.

B. Reformulez les énoncés en utilisant un des mots ou expressions suivants : whether, since, provided, so long as, until, unless.

1. Give him enough money and he'll accept the deal.
He 'll accept the deal ...

2. Be kind to him and he won't bother you.
He won't bother you ...

3. I won't do it if you don't give me my money back.
I won't do it ...

4. I'll only do it when he has arrived.
I won't do it ...

5. I don't know if it's true or not.
I don't know ...

6. You have plenty of money; consequently you won't be bothered.
... you have plenty of money, you won't be bothered.

C. Complétez avec un des mots suivants : unless, provided, so that.

1. You cannot enter the ballroom ... you have an invitation.

2. Emigrants were allowed to land in New York City ... they were in good health.

3. They locked all the doors ... the robbers inside could not escape.

D. Liez les deux phrases. Utilisez : provided, so long as, whether, so that.

1. I'll leave early. I won't be caught in the trafic.

2. You won't have any trouble driving in France. You don't forget to keep on the right.

3. I'll go on speaking. You don't interrupt me.

E. Choisissez la réponse qui convient :

1. He was given a rise ... his old age.
With a view to / because / because of

2. He went out ... everyone to see him.
In order to / so as to / for / so that

3. ... a word about it, don't hesitate to tell his girlfriend.
He should say / Does he say / Should he say

4. ... to meet him, remind him that I'm expecting him tonight.
Should you / If it happens / If you happen

F. Reformulez les énoncés de l'exercice A en utilisant différentes structures exprimant la condition.