QUANTIFIEURS ET
INDEFI NIS
¨ EXPRESSION DE LA QUANTITE
Les quantifieurs ne peuvent être associés à tous les noms. La nature du nom
(dénombrable ou indénombrable) permet de choisir le quantifieur qui convient.
Quantité |
Indénombrable |
Dénombrable pluriel |
Traduction |
Grande quantité |
·
a lot of (lots of) money ·
plenty of time |
·
a lot of (lots of) people ·
plenty of friends |
·
beaucoup de |
(pas) grande
quantité |
·
there isn't much time |
·
There aren't many people |
·
pas beaucoup de |
Petite quantité |
·
(very) little time ·
a little money |
·
(very) few people ·
a few people |
·
(très) peu de ·
un peu de / quelques |
Quantité nulle |
·
he has no money ·
he hasn't got any money |
·
he has no friends ·
he hasn't got any friends |
·
pas de |
· Little ou few ? Much ou many ?
- On emploie little et much avec les indénombrables qui sont toujours au singulier.
He had very little
money left / He didn't have much
money left.
- On emploie few et many avec les dénombrables au pluriel.
He had very few friends / he didn't have many
friends.
·
One too many
I've
had one drink too many. J'ai bu un verre de trop.
Too many est dans cette expression précédé du singulier.
¨ QUANTITE ET COMPARAISON
Quantité |
Indénombrable |
Dénombrable pluriel |
Traduction |
Quantité supérieure |
·
more money |
·
more people |
·
plus de |
Quantité inférieure |
·
less money ·
not as much money |
·
fewer friends ·
not as many friends |
·
moins de ·
pas autant que |
Quantité égale |
·
as much money |
·
as many friends |
·
autant de |
¨ SOME - ANY
Ils désignent une "certaine
quantité non précisée de" ("du", "des")
·
Forme
interrogative
-Some Can I have some coffee ? Puis-je avoir du café ? (Je sais qu'il
y en a).
- Any Is there any coffee left ? Est-ce
qu'il reste du café ? (Rien ne me
dit s'il y en a).
·
Forme
affirmative
On utilise some pour une
quantité non précisée (mais que celui qui parle pourrait préciser).
Have some more
coffee. Prenez un peu plus de café. I've bought some flowers. J'ai acheté
des fleurs.
·
Some, any ou
article Ø ?
L'article Ø, à la différence de
some et any signifie que la quantité
n'est pas en jeu. On utilise l'article Ø pour opposer deux éléments.
Do you want tea or coffee ? Voulez-vous du thé ou
du café ?
· Some, any pronoms
Ils peuvent s'utiliser sans que le nom soit mentionné à nouveau.
Do you want some tea ? No, I don't want any / Yes, give me some.
¨ ANY - NO ET LA NEGATION
·
Any s'utilise dans des énoncés comportant une négation
ou un terme restrictif.
I didn't see anyone. Je n'ai vu personne.
There's hardly any
milk left. Il ne reste presque plus de lait.
·
La négation peut être exprimée par No placé devant le
nom. Le verbe est alors à la forme positive (sans négation).
He didn't give any answer à
He gave no answer Il n'a pas donné de réponse à
Il n'a donné aucune réponse.
·
Ne pas confondre None
et No one.
- None est le pronom
correspondant à No
How many books did he give you ? - None. Combien de livres t'a-t-il donnés ? -Aucun.
- No one signifie "personne".
¨ SOME - ANY : QUANTITE OU QUALITE ?
Some et any peuvent
également avoir une valeur qualitative.
- Some peut signifier "certains" (par opposition à
"d'autres") à Some people say ... Certaines personnes disent
...
- Any dans les énoncés déclaratifs
positifs, signifie "n'importe
lequel".
Anyone can do it. N'importe qui peut le faire. You can take any
jumper. Tu peux prendre n'importe quel pull.
¨ COMPOSES DE SOME, ANY, NO, EVERY
|
one |
thing |
body |
where |
some |
someone |
something |
somebody |
somewhere |
any |
anyone |
anything |
anybody |
anywhere |
no |
no one (en 2 mots) |
nothing |
nobody |
nowhere |
every |
everyone |
everything |
everybody |
everywhere |
Ils ont les mêmes règles d'emploi que some, any, no, every.
· Somebody ou someone, nobody ou no one ?
- Les composés de -body
renvoient à un élément totalement indéterminé.
Somebody told me about
it. Quelqu'un me l'a dit.
- les composés de -one présupposent
qu'il existe un groupe d'éléments déjà connus ou dont on a déjà parlé.
I had expected my friends to come
but no one turned up.
Je m'attendais à ce que
mes amis viennent mais personne n'est venu.
¨ DE L'UNITE A LA TOTALITE
|
+ nom |
+ of |
ONE : un et un seul |
one city |
one of them / one of the cities |
BOTH : les deux |
both children |
both of them / both of the children |
EACH : chaque (toujours suivi du singulier) |
each child |
each of them / each of the children |
EVERY : chaque / tous (toujours suivi du singulier) |
every child |
|
MOST : la plupart de |
most children |
most of them / most of the children |
WHOLE : tout(e), entier(e) |
the whole town |
the whole of it / the whole
of the town |
ALL : tout / tous |
all his children all his money |
all of them / all of his children all of it / all of his money |
¨ ORDRE ET COMBINAISON DES DES
DETERMINANTS
·
All, a few,
each, both, sont suivis de of
lorsqu'ils portent sur un pronom :
All of them (tous) / Both of them (les
deux)
·
Some et most
- sont suivis de of lorsque le nom sur lequel ils portent est déterminé par
ailleurs.
à
article the, possessifs (his, her, etc.)
Most of the people I know like him. La plupart
des gens que je connais l'aiment bien
I've met most of his friends. J'ai rencontré la
plupart de ses amis.
- sont également suivis de of
lorsqu'ils portent sur un pronom Some of them / Most of them.
- sont immédiatement suivis du nom qu'ils déterminent lorsque celui-ci n'a
pas d'autre déterminant (pas d'article, pas de possessif)
Most students. La plupart des étudiants. Some people. Certaines personnes.
¨ OTHER ET SES COMPOSES
·
Other peut
être précédé d'autres déterminants
All the other
students / Most of the other
students. Tous les autres étudiants / La plupart des étudiants.
Every other day.
Un jour sur deux.
·
Each other ou
one another ?
la règle est que lorsque l'échange concerne plus de deux personnes,
on emploie one another, tandis que each other est réservé à un échange
entre deux personnes. Cette règle est cependant de moins en moins
respectée.
They looked at each
other (2 personnes) / They looked at one
another (Plus de 2 personnes)
Ne pas confondre avec :
They looked at
themselves in the mirror. Ils se regardèrent dans la glace. à pronom réfléchi
¨ BOTH , EITHER OU NEITHER ?
·
Which of these two books do you want ? Both
: les deux Either
: peu importe (l'un ou l'autre)
Both of them : les deux Neither
of them : ni l'un ni l'autre.
·
On construit neither
... nor avec un verbe à la forme positive (sans négation)
I like neither
Mary nor her sister. Je
n'aime ni Mary ni sa sœur.
Choisissez dans la
liste suivante le mot qui convient :
any, many, some, little, few
1. Very -------- young children dislike sweets.
2. The concert was a great success. I'd never seen so -------- people.
3. Too -------- people still ignore environmental issues.
4. I have very -------- money left, I can't len you --------.
5. If there is -------- way I can help, please let me know.
6. He gave -------- excuse for leaving.
7. I know very -------- French.
8. Strange as it may seem, -------- people truly enjoy solitude.
9. Would you like -------- more fruit ?
10. He hates socializing, so he has very -------- friends.
11. Come -------- time you like, I don't mind.
12. There is not -------- coffee left. You'll have to make -------.
Choisissez la réponse qui convient :
1. Because
of the strike, only ----- people came to the meeting.
very little / another / very few / both
2. We'd
better stop at the next filling station, there is very
----- petrol left.
Little / no / some / much
3. They've
got ----- luggage that we can hardly sit in the car.
Too many / so many / too much / so much
4. You
bought far ----- toys for one child.
Too much / many / a lot of / too many
5. I
went to the meeting but there was ----- there.
None / no one / not any / no
Complétez à l'aide de : too
much, too many, so much, so many, how much ou how many
1. There was ---- snow that we could not walk properly.
2. You should not eat ----.
3. There were far ---- oysters.
4. ---- is this dress please?
5. I expect he has drunk ----.
6. ---- tables shall we need?
7. You do not know ---- tenacity you will need!
8. There were ---- dancers for such a small room.
9. Why should we pay ---- taxes?
10. ---- farmers took part that he had to find another room.
Complétez le texte ci-dessous en choisissant parmi les éléments de
la liste suivante :
a little, little, any, many, a
few, few, much, none.
There are not as (1) hitchikers today as there used to be ten years ago. I hitchhiked (2) times when I first arrived in the USA, but I quickly realized that there was to (3) danger. I have read so (4) articles in the local press about hitchhikers being murdered that now I have very (5) confidence in this way of travelling. Moreover, (6) motorists stop to pick people up nowadays.
Complétez à l'aide des mots suivants : all, any, no, a few
ITALY : 10 & 18 days from £ 89 only !
----where can you find ----thing cheaper !
Price includes, excellent guided tours to ---- the places you've always dreamed of : Venice, Rome, Florence. Top hotels with pools. ---- rooms with private facilities. Phone now for brochure.
ONLY ---- PLACES LEFT !
Choisissez dans la
liste suivante le mot qui convient :
any, many, some, little, few
1. Very -------- young children dislike sweets.
2. The concert was a great success. I'd never seen so -------- people.
3. Too -------- people still ignore environmental issues.
4. I have very -------- money left, I can't len you --------.
5. If there is -------- way I can help, please let me know.
6. He gave -------- excuse for leaving.
7. I know very -------- French.
8. Strange as it may seem, -------- people truly enjoy solitude.
9. Would you like -------- more fruit ?
10. He hates socializing, so he has very -------- friends.
11. Come -------- time you like, I don't mind.
12. There is not -------- coffee left. You'll have to make -------.
Choisissez la réponse qui convient :
1. Because
of the strike, only ----- people came to the meeting.
very little / another / very few / both
2. We'd
better stop at the next filling station, there is very
----- petrol left.
Little / no / some / much
3. They've
got ----- luggage that we can hardly sit in the car.
Too many / so many / too much / so much
4. You
bought far ----- toys for one child.
Too much / many / a lot of / too many
5. I
went to the meeting but there was ----- there.
None / no one / not any / no
Complétez à l'aide de : too
much, too many, so much, so many, how much ou how many
1. There was ---- snow that we could not walk properly.
2. You should not eat ----.
3. There were far ---- oysters.
4. ---- is this dress please?
5. I expect he has drunk ----.
6. ---- tables shall we need?
7. You do not know ---- tenacity you will need!
8. There were ---- dancers for such a small room.
9. Why should we pay ---- taxes?
10. ---- farmers took part that he had to find another room.
Complétez le texte ci-dessous en choisissant parmi les éléments de
la liste suivante :
a little, little, any, many, a
few, few, much, none.
There are not as (1) hitchikers today as there used to be ten years ago. I hitchhiked (2) times when I first arrived in the USA, but I quickly realized that there was to (3) danger. I have read so (4) articles in the local press about hitchhikers being murdered that now I have very (5) confidence in this way of travelling. Moreover, (6) motorists stop to pick people up nowadays.
Complétez à l'aide des mots suivants : all, any, no, a few
ITALY : 10 & 18 days from £ 89 only !
----where can you find ----thing cheaper !
Price includes, excellent guided tours to ---- the places you've always dreamed of : Venice, Rome, Florence. Top hotels with pools. ---- rooms with private facilities. Phone now for brochure.
ONLY ---- PLACES LEFT !